add images to en v2

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Feng Ruohang 2025-08-10 15:59:50 +08:00
parent a31bfaf897
commit ee24fa2864
9 changed files with 27 additions and 10 deletions

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title: "10. Consistency and Consensus"
weight: 210
breadcrumbs: false
---
---
![](/map/ch09.png)
> *An ancient adage warns, “Never go to sea with two chronometers; take one or three.”*
>
@ -1717,4 +1719,4 @@ discussed in this chapter are helpful in that context.
[^88]: Heidi Howard and Jon Crowcroft. [Coracle: Evaluating Consensus at the Internet Edge](https://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2015/pdf/papers/p85.pdf). At *Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication* (SIGCOMM), August 2015. [doi:10.1145/2829988.2790010](https://doi.org/10.1145/2829988.2790010)
[^89]: Tom Lianza and Chris Snook. [A Byzantine failure in the real world](https://blog.cloudflare.com/a-byzantine-failure-in-the-real-world/). *blog.cloudflare.com*, November 2020. Archived at [perma.cc/83EZ-ALCY](https://perma.cc/83EZ-ALCY)
[^90]: Ivan Kelly. [BookKeeper Tutorial](https://github.com/ivankelly/bookkeeper-tutorial). *github.com*, October 2014. Archived at [perma.cc/37Y6-VZWU](https://perma.cc/37Y6-VZWU)
[^91]: Jack Vanlightly. [Apache BookKeeper Insights Part 1 — External Consensus and Dynamic Membership](https://medium.com/splunk-maas/apache-bookkeeper-insights-part-1-external-consensus-and-dynamic-membership-c259f388da21). *medium.com*, November 2021. Archived at [perma.cc/3MDB-8GFB](https://perma.cc/3MDB-8GFB)
[^91]: Jack Vanlightly. [Apache BookKeeper Insights Part 1 — External Consensus and Dynamic Membership](https://medium.com/splunk-maas/apache-bookkeeper-insights-part-1-external-consensus-and-dynamic-membership-c259f388da21). *medium.com*, November 2021. Archived at [perma.cc/3MDB-8GFB](https://perma.cc/3MDB-8GFB)

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![](/map/ch01.png)
> *The Internet was done so well that most people think of it as a natural resource like the Pacific
> Ocean, rather than something that was man-made. When was the last time a technology with a scale
> like that was so error-free?*

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![](/map/ch02.png)
> *The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.*
>
> Ludwig Wittgenstein, *Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus* (1922)
@ -263,9 +265,9 @@ human-readable. In a relational data model, this is done using a *join*, for exa
```sql
SELECT users.*, regions.region_name
FROM users
JOIN regions ON users.region_id = regions.id
WHERE users.id = 251;
FROM users
JOIN regions ON users.region_id = regions.id
WHERE users.id = 251;
```
Document databases can store both normalized and denormalized data, but they are often associated
@ -343,11 +345,11 @@ In other words, it is a precomputed result of (approximately) the following quer
```sql
SELECT posts.id, posts.sender_id
FROM posts
JOIN follows ON posts.sender_id = follows.followee_id
WHERE follows.follower_id = current_user
ORDER BY posts.timestamp DESC
LIMIT 1000
FROM posts
JOIN follows ON posts.sender_id = follows.followee_id
WHERE follows.follower_id = current_user
ORDER BY posts.timestamp DESC
LIMIT 1000
```
This means that whenever the timeline is read, the service still needs to perform two joins: look up

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![](/map/ch03.png)
> *One of the miseries of life is that everybody names things a little bit wrong. And so it makes
> everything a little harder to understand in the world than it would be if it were named
> differently. A computer does not primarily compute in the sense of doing arithmetic. […] They

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![](/map/ch04.png)
> *Everything changes and nothing stands still.*
>

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![](/map/ch05.png)
> *The major difference between a thing that might go wrong and a thing that cannot possibly go wrong
> is that when a thing that cannot possibly go wrong goes wrong it usually turns out to be impossible
> to get at or repair.*

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![](/map/ch06.png)
> *Clearly, we must break away from the sequential and not limit the computers. We must state
> definitions and provide for priorities and descriptions of data. We must state relationships, not
> procedures.*

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![](/map/ch07.png)
> *Some authors have claimed that general two-phase commit is too expensive to support, because of the
> performance or availability problems that it brings. We believe it is better to have application
> programmers deal with performance problems due to overuse of transactions as bottlenecks arise,

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![](/map/ch08.png)
> *Theyre funny things, Accidents. You never have them till youre having them.*
>
> A.A. Milne, *The House at Pooh Corner* (1928)